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ScienceABC Videos is the audio-visual wing of your favorite Science website. Here, we present you some of the whackiest ideas and scientific phenomena through animated videos in our signature style. Subscribe to our YouTube channel “ScienceABC” to never miss a video.

Plants next to roads can absorb pollution and become harmful, but it really depends on the type of pollution and how close the plant is to the road.

Vehicles don’t just produce carbon dioxide and nitrous oxides, but also other types of particulate matter, including carbon that comes from fuel combustion of the engine. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) constitute a small proportion of this particulate matter. These chemicals are known to cause certain types of cancer. However, they don’t – directly – affect the plants. Instead, they mix up with dust and land on nearby vegetation, which means that plants and veggies get less sunlight than normal. This is certainly a bad thing.

Lead is arguably the most dangerous aspect of growing vegetables close to busy roads. Vehicles produce some plant contaminants, and lead is the most dangerous. Lead gets absorbed in the soil, and as such, plants cannot guard against them. Thus, there’s a chance that the lead will get into the veggies that you grow in your ‘urban’ garden.

#pollution #urbangarden #leadpoisoning 

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References:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4881-0
http://web.archive.org/web/20220906163225/https://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/291na1_en.pdf
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110329134129.htm

Original Article Link:
https://www.scienceabc.com/nature/do-plants-next-to-roads-absorb-pollution-and-become-harmful.html

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Plants next to roads can absorb pollution and become harmful, but it really depends on the type of pollution and how close the plant is to the road.

Vehicles don’t just produce carbon dioxide and nitrous oxides, but also other types of particulate matter, including carbon that comes from fuel combustion of the engine. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) constitute a small proportion of this particulate matter. These chemicals are known to cause certain types of cancer. However, they don’t – directly – affect the plants. Instead, they mix up with dust and land on nearby vegetation, which means that plants and veggies get less sunlight than normal. This is certainly a bad thing.

Lead is arguably the most dangerous aspect of growing vegetables close to busy roads. Vehicles produce some plant contaminants, and lead is the most dangerous. Lead gets absorbed in the soil, and as such, plants cannot guard against them. Thus, there’s a chance that the lead will get into the veggies that you grow in your ‘urban’ garden.

#pollution #urbangarden #leadpoisoning

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Stock Music Source: elements.envato.com

References:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-015-4881-0
http://web.archive.org/web/20220906163225/https://ec.europa.eu/environment/integration/research/newsalert/pdf/291na1_en.pdf
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/03/110329134129.htm

Original Article Link:
https://www.scienceabc.com/nature/do-plants-next-to-roads-absorb-pollution-and-become-harmful.html

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YouTube Video VVVuSTBhRmVCeldCaWlYaUhwNTZrYXFRLmNrcDVHYXRRdEFN

Do Plants Next To Roads ABSORB Pollution And Become HARMFUL?

ScienceABC II views September 9, 2024 4:30 pm

From the time your cat is a tiny kitten, kneading will already be a part of its everyday activity. Even before a kitten has opened its eyes and is blindly sucking at its mother’s teat, it will instinctively begin to 'knead' at the area around the nipple. It has been shown that such tactile behavior will stimulate the flow of milk, which is essential for the kitten to survive and grow. However, as most cat owners know, this kneading behavior persists throughout a cat’s life.

Another potential explanation for this common behavior stretches all the way back to lions and tigers and the wild cats of the past. When these animals were seeking out safe spaces to sleep and take shelter from the elements, they would tamp down patches of grass in the wild to create a cozy spot for themselves. This would need to be away from predators and secure enough for the animal to sleep, or perhaps even give birth; to this day, cats tend to knead on comfortable surfaces, such as blankets and pillows, but you will rarely see them kneading exposed or flat ground.

#catkneading #catbehavior #weirdcats 

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References:
https://books.google.com/books?id=v6IhPwAACAAJ
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2015.09.004

Original Article Link:
https://www.scienceabc.com/nature/animals/why-do-cats-knead.html

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From the time your cat is a tiny kitten, kneading will already be a part of its everyday activity. Even before a kitten has opened its eyes and is blindly sucking at its mother’s teat, it will instinctively begin to 'knead' at the area around the nipple. It has been shown that such tactile behavior will stimulate the flow of milk, which is essential for the kitten to survive and grow. However, as most cat owners know, this kneading behavior persists throughout a cat’s life.

Another potential explanation for this common behavior stretches all the way back to lions and tigers and the wild cats of the past. When these animals were seeking out safe spaces to sleep and take shelter from the elements, they would tamp down patches of grass in the wild to create a cozy spot for themselves. This would need to be away from predators and secure enough for the animal to sleep, or perhaps even give birth; to this day, cats tend to knead on comfortable surfaces, such as blankets and pillows, but you will rarely see them kneading exposed or flat ground.

#catkneading #catbehavior #weirdcats

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References:
https://books.google.com/books?id=v6IhPwAACAAJ
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jveb.2015.09.004

Original Article Link:
https://www.scienceabc.com/nature/animals/why-do-cats-knead.html

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YouTube Video VVVuSTBhRmVCeldCaWlYaUhwNTZrYXFRLlR5QWk5SFlyRzZN

Why Do Cats Lift Their Paws Up and Down?

ScienceABC II views September 6, 2024 9:24 am

Homeostasis is the process your body uses to keep its internal environment stable and balanced, ensuring everything functions optimally. In this video, we explore the fascinating world of homeostasis and how it keeps you alive. Imagine your cells as picky office workers, constantly adjusting their surroundings to stay comfortable. They tweak things like temperature, pH levels, and glucose balance to ensure everything stays within a safe range.

We'll dive into the key players in homeostasis, including the nervous and endocrine systems, and how they work together to detect changes and send signals that help the body maintain balance. You'll learn about the two main mechanisms that keep everything in check: negative feedback loops, which act like a tug of war to keep things stable, and positive feedback loops, which amplify signals when necessary, like during childbirth or blood clotting.

By the end of the video, you'll understand why homeostasis is so crucial and how disruptions can lead to disease. So, next time you're adjusting the AC or shivering in the cold, remember—your body is constantly doing the same to keep you healthy!

#homeostasis #HomeostasisExplained #bodybalance 

References:
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/1-1-overview-of-anatomy-and-physiology
https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/homeostasis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559138/
https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Human_Biology/Human_Biology_(Wakim_and_Grewal)/[…]oduction_to_the_Human_Body/10.7%3A_Homeostasis_and_Feedback
https://wou.edu/chemistry/courses/online-chemistry-textbooks/ch103-allied-health-chemistry/ch103-chapter-9-homeostasis-and-cellular-function/

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Homeostasis is the process your body uses to keep its internal environment stable and balanced, ensuring everything functions optimally. In this video, we explore the fascinating world of homeostasis and how it keeps you alive. Imagine your cells as picky office workers, constantly adjusting their surroundings to stay comfortable. They tweak things like temperature, pH levels, and glucose balance to ensure everything stays within a safe range.

We'll dive into the key players in homeostasis, including the nervous and endocrine systems, and how they work together to detect changes and send signals that help the body maintain balance. You'll learn about the two main mechanisms that keep everything in check: negative feedback loops, which act like a tug of war to keep things stable, and positive feedback loops, which amplify signals when necessary, like during childbirth or blood clotting.

By the end of the video, you'll understand why homeostasis is so crucial and how disruptions can lead to disease. So, next time you're adjusting the AC or shivering in the cold, remember—your body is constantly doing the same to keep you healthy!

#homeostasis #HomeostasisExplained #bodybalance

References:
https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/1-1-overview-of-anatomy-and-physiology
https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/homeostasis
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559138/
https://bio.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Human_Biology/Human_Biology_(Wakim_and_Grewal)/[…]oduction_to_the_Human_Body/10.7%3A_Homeostasis_and_Feedback
https://wou.edu/chemistry/courses/online-chemistry-textbooks/ch103-allied-health-chemistry/ch103-chapter-9-homeostasis-and-cellular-function/

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YouTube Video VVVjTjNJdUlBUjZGbjc0RldNUWY2bEZBLlMwV0xWRktHMldJ

Homeostasis Explained in Simple Words

Science ABC views September 2, 2024 4:30 pm

We don’t find as many human remains as dinosaur fossils because dinosaurs lived on the planet for millions of years, while humans have only been around for 200,000 years. Additionally, dinosaurs were not just one species but had hundreds of different types, while homo sapiens is only one species. Furthermore, some species of dinosaurs were exceptionally huge, making their bones easy to fossilize, while humans have relatively small skeletons, which are not as favorable to fossilization.

Today, the planet hosts around 8 billion+ human beings, but 10,000 years ago, things were completely different. In the first 20,000 to 30,000 years of human existence, there were very few humans, and they lived in select locations all over the world. On the off-chance that one of these “rare” humans happened to be buried or perish in a place that was conducive to fossilization, the likelihood of humans ever finding that specimen is very small!

#dinosaurfossils #prehistoricwonders #fossildiscoveries 

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References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_human_evolution
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens
https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dinosaurs/types.html
https://www.palomar.edu/anthro/homo2/mod_homo_4.htm
http://web.archive.org/web/20170902214339/http://anthro.palomar.edu:80/time/time_1.htm

Original Article Link:
https://www.scienceabc.com/eyeopeners/dont-find-many-human-remains-dinosaurs-despite-fact-dinosaurs-existed-millions-years-ago.html

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We don’t find as many human remains as dinosaur fossils because dinosaurs lived on the planet for millions of years, while humans have only been around for 200,000 years. Additionally, dinosaurs were not just one species but had hundreds of different types, while homo sapiens is only one species. Furthermore, some species of dinosaurs were exceptionally huge, making their bones easy to fossilize, while humans have relatively small skeletons, which are not as favorable to fossilization.

Today, the planet hosts around 8 billion+ human beings, but 10,000 years ago, things were completely different. In the first 20,000 to 30,000 years of human existence, there were very few humans, and they lived in select locations all over the world. On the off-chance that one of these “rare” humans happened to be buried or perish in a place that was conducive to fossilization, the likelihood of humans ever finding that specimen is very small!

#dinosaurfossils #prehistoricwonders #fossildiscoveries

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References:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_human_evolution
https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens
https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/dinosaurs/types.html
https://www.palomar.edu/anthro/homo2/mod_homo_4.htm
http://web.archive.org/web/20170902214339/http://anthro.palomar.edu:80/time/time_1.htm

Original Article Link:
https://www.scienceabc.com/eyeopeners/dont-find-many-human-remains-dinosaurs-despite-fact-dinosaurs-existed-millions-years-ago.html

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YouTube Video VVVuSTBhRmVCeldCaWlYaUhwNTZrYXFRLjJGNEZkT1FLZjNJ

Why Are Dinosaur Fossils MORE Abundant Than Human Remains?

ScienceABC II views August 26, 2024 7:27 pm

Prime numbers are commonly referred to as the “atoms” of the numerical realm, for they are the fundamental, indivisible units that make up every number. For instance, 10 can be written as a product of 2 and 5, two prime numbers. Or, 150 as a product of 15 and 10, which can be further broken down and written as the product of 3, 5, 2 and 5 – all prime numbers. Or a larger number such as 126, 356, which is composed of larger prime numbers 2,2,31, and 1019.

This process of reducing a composite number to a product of prime numbers is known as prime factorization. For a computer, multiplying two prime numbers, each even 100 digits long, isn’t that difficult; however, factoring the product back into its components is notoriously difficult, even for supercomputers. For this very reason, prime numbers are used in cryptography.

It is difficult to find the prime factors of a composite number without knowing the factors to begin with. This makes it difficult for someone to intercept a message and read it without the proper key.

#primenumbers #factorization #cryptography 

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References:
https://math.berkeley.edu/~kpmann/encryption.pdf
https://cryptofundamentals.com/primes

Original Article Link:
https://www.scienceabc.com/innovation/how-are-prime-numbers-used-in-cryptography.html

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Prime numbers are commonly referred to as the “atoms” of the numerical realm, for they are the fundamental, indivisible units that make up every number. For instance, 10 can be written as a product of 2 and 5, two prime numbers. Or, 150 as a product of 15 and 10, which can be further broken down and written as the product of 3, 5, 2 and 5 – all prime numbers. Or a larger number such as 126, 356, which is composed of larger prime numbers 2,2,31, and 1019.

This process of reducing a composite number to a product of prime numbers is known as prime factorization. For a computer, multiplying two prime numbers, each even 100 digits long, isn’t that difficult; however, factoring the product back into its components is notoriously difficult, even for supercomputers. For this very reason, prime numbers are used in cryptography.

It is difficult to find the prime factors of a composite number without knowing the factors to begin with. This makes it difficult for someone to intercept a message and read it without the proper key.

#primenumbers #factorization #cryptography

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References:
https://math.berkeley.edu/~kpmann/encryption.pdf
https://cryptofundamentals.com/primes

Original Article Link:
https://www.scienceabc.com/innovation/how-are-prime-numbers-used-in-cryptography.html

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YouTube Video VVVuSTBhRmVCeldCaWlYaUhwNTZrYXFRLnJYalFlVkpoZFh3

How Are Prime Numbers Used In Cryptography?

ScienceABC II views August 20, 2024 6:15 pm

Migratory birds, such as the frigate bird, undertake long-distance journeys where sleep becomes a critical challenge. Frigate birds can sleep while flying, a behavior observed through EEG studies, revealing their use of uni-hemispheric slow-wave sleep. This allows one brain hemisphere to rest while the other stays alert, often keeping one eye open to monitor the environment. Despite sleeping during migration, frigate birds spend less than 3% of their time in sleep, preferring to stay awake. They recover lost sleep once they reach land. REM sleep, crucial for all vertebrates, is significantly shorter during flight, lasting only seconds. Different migratory birds have diverse sleep strategies, from brief naps to minimal sleep, making their behavior a fascinating subject for researchers.

#sleep #birds #migration 

References:
https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12468 
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2016.0082 
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.07.028 
https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.conb.2017.04.010 

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Migratory birds, such as the frigate bird, undertake long-distance journeys where sleep becomes a critical challenge. Frigate birds can sleep while flying, a behavior observed through EEG studies, revealing their use of uni-hemispheric slow-wave sleep. This allows one brain hemisphere to rest while the other stays alert, often keeping one eye open to monitor the environment. Despite sleeping during migration, frigate birds spend less than 3% of their time in sleep, preferring to stay awake. They recover lost sleep once they reach land. REM sleep, crucial for all vertebrates, is significantly shorter during flight, lasting only seconds. Different migratory birds have diverse sleep strategies, from brief naps to minimal sleep, making their behavior a fascinating subject for researchers.

#sleep #birds #migration

References:
https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms12468
https://doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2016.0082
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.07.028
https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.conb.2017.04.010

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YouTube Video VVVjTjNJdUlBUjZGbjc0RldNUWY2bEZBLkRMZlY4UDVmN284

How Do Birds Sleep During Migration?

Science ABC views August 13, 2024 4:30 pm

We can see far-off galaxies, despite how far away they are, for two main reasons:
1 – Galaxies are huge
2 – Galaxies are bright

Although galaxies are really far away from our planet (and solar system), they are undeniably massive. Our Milky Way probably consists of 100 to 400 billion stars, and is about 100,000 light-years across. The closest known galaxy to Earth is the Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy, sitting at 25,000 light-years (nearly 236,000,000,000,000,000 km!) from the sun. So, galaxies are very big, which is why we can see them from Earth.

In addition to being massive, galaxies are also extremely bright, thanks to the billions upon billions of stars they contain. This is why they’re so bright and shiny, which helps us to see them in our night sky.

#galaxies #andromedagalaxy #lightyear 

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References:
https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/skywatching/
https://www.nasa.gov/content/explore-light
https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/galaxy/en/

Original Article Link:
https://www.scienceabc.com/nature/universe/how-are-we-able-to-see-galaxies-in-our-sky-but-not-nearby-planets.html

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We can see far-off galaxies, despite how far away they are, for two main reasons:
1 – Galaxies are huge
2 – Galaxies are bright

Although galaxies are really far away from our planet (and solar system), they are undeniably massive. Our Milky Way probably consists of 100 to 400 billion stars, and is about 100,000 light-years across. The closest known galaxy to Earth is the Canis Major Dwarf Galaxy, sitting at 25,000 light-years (nearly 236,000,000,000,000,000 km!) from the sun. So, galaxies are very big, which is why we can see them from Earth.

In addition to being massive, galaxies are also extremely bright, thanks to the billions upon billions of stars they contain. This is why they’re so bright and shiny, which helps us to see them in our night sky.

#galaxies #andromedagalaxy #lightyear

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Stock Music Source: elements.envato.com

References:
https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/skywatching/
https://www.nasa.gov/content/explore-light
https://spaceplace.nasa.gov/galaxy/en/

Original Article Link:
https://www.scienceabc.com/nature/universe/how-are-we-able-to-see-galaxies-in-our-sky-but-not-nearby-planets.html

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YouTube Video VVVuSTBhRmVCeldCaWlYaUhwNTZrYXFRLm1JVkVvX0lVcS1n

Why We Can See 'Distant' Galaxies But NOT 'Nearby' Planets?

ScienceABC II views August 12, 2024 6:15 pm

A shark’s egg is no ordinary egg. Usually, when referring to an egg, we think of an oval-shaped object laid by female birds or reptiles that may contain a developing embryo. But sharks lay an unusual-looking “egg” in the ocean. Some look like a mermaid’s purse, while others resemble a spiral conch shell.

Apart from being an aesthetic shape, the eggs’ peculiar shape has a functional role. They have functions such as attaching the egg to seaweed, between rocks or in the sea bed, and protecting the baby shark from danger.

#sharkegg #mermaidpurse #sharkresearch 

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References:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052551
https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2021.134012
https://doi.org/10.2307/1538909
https://open.library.ubc.ca/media/download/pdf/831/1.0102156/1
https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/discover-fish/sharks/shark-biology/
https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/do-sharks-lay-eggs.html
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02439

Original Article Link:
https://www.scienceabc.com/nature/animals/shark-egg-what-makes-it-different-from-other-eggs.html

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A shark’s egg is no ordinary egg. Usually, when referring to an egg, we think of an oval-shaped object laid by female birds or reptiles that may contain a developing embryo. But sharks lay an unusual-looking “egg” in the ocean. Some look like a mermaid’s purse, while others resemble a spiral conch shell.

Apart from being an aesthetic shape, the eggs’ peculiar shape has a functional role. They have functions such as attaching the egg to seaweed, between rocks or in the sea bed, and protecting the baby shark from danger.

#sharkegg #mermaidpurse #sharkresearch

Stock Video Source: elements.envato.com , pexels.com , pixabay.com, freepik.com
Stock Image Source: elements.envato.com , pexels.com , pixabay.com, freepik.com, Wikimedia Commons, vecteezy.com
Stock Music Source: elements.envato.com

References:
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0052551
https://doi.org/10.4236/ns.2021.134012
https://doi.org/10.2307/1538909
https://open.library.ubc.ca/media/download/pdf/831/1.0102156/1
https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/discover-fish/sharks/shark-biology/
https://www.nhm.ac.uk/discover/do-sharks-lay-eggs.html
https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c02439

Original Article Link:
https://www.scienceabc.com/nature/animals/shark-egg-what-makes-it-different-from-other-eggs.html

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YouTube Video VVVuSTBhRmVCeldCaWlYaUhwNTZrYXFRLks1VnJvdzdnUGxn

Why Do Shark Eggs Look So Weird?

ScienceABC II views August 8, 2024 8:45 pm

Performers in a recording studio will often wear headphones to isolate their voice from different sounds, ensuring that the performer can hear the other tracks/instruments they are singing with, without compromising the sound of their own recorded voice!

For example, if you have three microphones set up for a singer, a guitar player and a drum kit, the sound of the drums and guitar will almost certainly be picked up by the microphone in front of the singer. This can make the sound muddied and less sharp, and will also make it harder to edit later. Imagine trying to talk to someone in a crowded bar; even if you are standing directly next to your friend, and are talking right into their ear, they might still struggle to hear because of all the other noise and commotion in the background.

Recording each instrument or vocalist separately effectively eliminates this overlapping “bleed” of noise, making sure that each recorded track is clean and clear.

#noisebleed #headphones #acoustics

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References:
https://www.sageaudio.com/blog/studio-equipment/home-recording-academy-the-role-of-studio-headphones.php
http://artsites.ucsc.edu/EMS/Music/tech_background/TE-14/teces_14.html
https://courses.physics.illinois.edu/phys406/sp2017/Lecture_Notes/P406POM_Lecture_Notes/P406POM_Lect10_Part2.pdf

Original Article Link:
https://www.scienceabc.com/eyeopeners/why-do-singers-and-actors-use-headphones-in-the-recording-studio.html

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Performers in a recording studio will often wear headphones to isolate their voice from different sounds, ensuring that the performer can hear the other tracks/instruments they are singing with, without compromising the sound of their own recorded voice!

For example, if you have three microphones set up for a singer, a guitar player and a drum kit, the sound of the drums and guitar will almost certainly be picked up by the microphone in front of the singer. This can make the sound muddied and less sharp, and will also make it harder to edit later. Imagine trying to talk to someone in a crowded bar; even if you are standing directly next to your friend, and are talking right into their ear, they might still struggle to hear because of all the other noise and commotion in the background.

Recording each instrument or vocalist separately effectively eliminates this overlapping “bleed” of noise, making sure that each recorded track is clean and clear.

#noisebleed #headphones #acoustics

Stock Video Source: elements.envato.com , pexels.com , pixabay.com, freepik.com
Stock Image Source: elements.envato.com , pexels.com , pixabay.com, freepik.com, Wikimedia Commons
Stock Music Source: elements.envato.com

References:
https://www.sageaudio.com/blog/studio-equipment/home-recording-academy-the-role-of-studio-headphones.php
http://artsites.ucsc.edu/EMS/Music/tech_background/TE-14/teces_14.html
https://courses.physics.illinois.edu/phys406/sp2017/Lecture_Notes/P406POM_Lecture_Notes/P406POM_Lect10_Part2.pdf

Original Article Link:
https://www.scienceabc.com/eyeopeners/why-do-singers-and-actors-use-headphones-in-the-recording-studio.html

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YouTube Video VVVuSTBhRmVCeldCaWlYaUhwNTZrYXFRLjJXOHUwWjhFeTVR

Why Do Singers/Musicians Use Headphones In The Recording Studio?

ScienceABC II views August 5, 2024 11:34 pm

One of the first recorded attempts by a human to establish communication with dolphins was in the 1960s. The US Navy, along with researchers in Hawaii, devised an acoustic communication interface for that exact purpose.

The system they used was mapped to match the dolphin whistle contour with a human vowel. A computer was used to translate the combinations of human vowels to generate sinusoidal dolphin whistles. Eventually, the dolphins learned to respond to 30+ command strings given to them by humans using five-word sentence structures.

Denise Herzing, a behavioral biologist, along with a team of researchers, are trying to crack the code to communicate with dolphins as a part of the Wild Dolphin Project. For almost three decades, they have been studying dolphins and trying to establish communication with them in the shallow sandbanks of the Bahamas, just east of Florida.

#dolphinproject #interspeciesfriendship #cetaceans 

References:
https://www.wilddolphinproject.org/media/scientific-publications/
https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8th8s31/
https://www.cc.gatech.edu/people/thad-starner

Original Article Link:
https://www.scienceabc.com/nature/animals/can-communicate-dolphins.html

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One of the first recorded attempts by a human to establish communication with dolphins was in the 1960s. The US Navy, along with researchers in Hawaii, devised an acoustic communication interface for that exact purpose.

The system they used was mapped to match the dolphin whistle contour with a human vowel. A computer was used to translate the combinations of human vowels to generate sinusoidal dolphin whistles. Eventually, the dolphins learned to respond to 30+ command strings given to them by humans using five-word sentence structures.

Denise Herzing, a behavioral biologist, along with a team of researchers, are trying to crack the code to communicate with dolphins as a part of the Wild Dolphin Project. For almost three decades, they have been studying dolphins and trying to establish communication with them in the shallow sandbanks of the Bahamas, just east of Florida.

#dolphinproject #interspeciesfriendship #cetaceans

References:
https://www.wilddolphinproject.org/media/scientific-publications/
https://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8th8s31/
https://www.cc.gatech.edu/people/thad-starner

Original Article Link:
https://www.scienceabc.com/nature/animals/can-communicate-dolphins.html

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YouTube Video VVVuSTBhRmVCeldCaWlYaUhwNTZrYXFRLm1ZYzB3OEt3YVVZ

Can We 'Communicate' With Dolphins?

ScienceABC II views August 1, 2024 6:10 pm

When light emitted from a distant object reaches another object or opening, its waves are bounced or bent slightly around the object and interfere with each other to produce various patterns on whatever they ultimately fall on. For example, light passing through a slab with a tiny slit leaves its imprint in the form of a perpendicular series of dashes. This is the reason why any light source appears to sparkle with pointed corners when you squint your eyes.

However, this only covers one part of the explanation. The other part has to do with our eyes, or rather, certain imperfections in our eyes.

The fibers that make up our eye lenses meet at certain points, resulting in very small structural imperfections called suture lines. Light, upon passing through the lens, interacts with these lines and consequently leaves a very distinct impression of a star, making it look like a pointy, five-armed toy.

#stars #starscience #optics 

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References:
https://sites.psu.edu/siowfa16/2016/09/07/why-stars-are-star-shape/
http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/observational-astronomy/timekeeping/111-observational-astronomy/stargazing/general-questions/674-why-do-people-draw-stars-with-five-points-intermediate

Original Article Link:
https://www.scienceabc.com/nature/universe/stars-shape-five-sides-corners-pentagon-diffraction-light.html

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When light emitted from a distant object reaches another object or opening, its waves are bounced or bent slightly around the object and interfere with each other to produce various patterns on whatever they ultimately fall on. For example, light passing through a slab with a tiny slit leaves its imprint in the form of a perpendicular series of dashes. This is the reason why any light source appears to sparkle with pointed corners when you squint your eyes.

However, this only covers one part of the explanation. The other part has to do with our eyes, or rather, certain imperfections in our eyes.

The fibers that make up our eye lenses meet at certain points, resulting in very small structural imperfections called suture lines. Light, upon passing through the lens, interacts with these lines and consequently leaves a very distinct impression of a star, making it look like a pointy, five-armed toy.

#stars #starscience #optics

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Stock Image Source: elements.envato.com , pexels.com , pixabay.com, freepik.com, Wikimedia Commons
Stock Music Source: elements.envato.com

References:
https://sites.psu.edu/siowfa16/2016/09/07/why-stars-are-star-shape/
http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/observational-astronomy/timekeeping/111-observational-astronomy/stargazing/general-questions/674-why-do-people-draw-stars-with-five-points-intermediate

Original Article Link:
https://www.scienceabc.com/nature/universe/stars-shape-five-sides-corners-pentagon-diffraction-light.html

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YouTube Video VVVuSTBhRmVCeldCaWlYaUhwNTZrYXFRLjRrd1laMDUzM1Bv

Why Do Stars Seem To Have 5 Points (Corners)?

ScienceABC II views July 29, 2024 6:15 pm

In the 1995 research, ‘The Ability of Woodchucks to Chuck Cellulose Fiber,’ researchers experimentally verified just how much wood woodchucks are capable of chucking or consuming.

Their experiment claims to have involved depriving 12 adult male woodchucks of nourishment and then presenting wood as their only source of food. They also concluded that the word ‘chuck’ means ‘eat,’ as that is what 100% of the animals did. Their extremely precise conclusion is that an average woodchuck can chuck wood at a rate of 361.9237001 cubic centimeters per day, which is about 0.7979051766784 pounds.

#woodchuck #groundhogs #tonguetwisterchallenge 

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References:
https://www.improbable.com/airchives/paperair/volume1/v1i4/v1i4-toc.php
https://apnews.com/article/253afc0be2f7dafedf0e8d6f975bd54b
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature.2013.12471
https://kids.niehs.nih.gov/topics/natural-world/wildlife/animals/woodchuck-chuck

Original Article Link:
https://www.scienceabc.com/nature/animals/how-much-wood-would-a-woodchuck-chuck-if-a-woodchuck-could-chuck-wood.html

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In the 1995 research, ‘The Ability of Woodchucks to Chuck Cellulose Fiber,’ researchers experimentally verified just how much wood woodchucks are capable of chucking or consuming.

Their experiment claims to have involved depriving 12 adult male woodchucks of nourishment and then presenting wood as their only source of food. They also concluded that the word ‘chuck’ means ‘eat,’ as that is what 100% of the animals did. Their extremely precise conclusion is that an average woodchuck can chuck wood at a rate of 361.9237001 cubic centimeters per day, which is about 0.7979051766784 pounds.

#woodchuck #groundhogs #tonguetwisterchallenge

Stock Video Source: elements.envato.com , pexels.com , pixabay.com, freepik.com
Stock Image Source: elements.envato.com , pexels.com , pixabay.com, freepik.com, Wikimedia Commons
Stock Music Source: elements.envato.com

References:
https://www.improbable.com/airchives/paperair/volume1/v1i4/v1i4-toc.php
https://apnews.com/article/253afc0be2f7dafedf0e8d6f975bd54b
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature.2013.12471
https://kids.niehs.nih.gov/topics/natural-world/wildlife/animals/woodchuck-chuck

Original Article Link:
https://www.scienceabc.com/nature/animals/how-much-wood-would-a-woodchuck-chuck-if-a-woodchuck-could-chuck-wood.html

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YouTube Video VVVuSTBhRmVCeldCaWlYaUhwNTZrYXFRLkJwangzZEhrXzI0

How Much Wood Would A Woodchuck Chuck If A Woodchuck Could Chuck Wood?

ScienceABC II views July 25, 2024 6:15 pm