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ScienceABC Videos is the audio-visual wing of your favorite Science website. Here, we present you some of the whackiest ideas and scientific phenomena through animated videos in our signature style. Subscribe to our YouTube channel “ScienceABC” to never miss a video.

Straight answer: No, we have not yet found dinosaur DNA that would be necessary to make a successful dinosaur clone.

To clone a dinosaur, it’s not just about finding DNA, but also about finding a complete set or sufficient fragments of a dinosaur’s DNA. This is because we need to assemble the tiny pieces to recreate the whole jigsaw puzzle—the genome. Every genome consists of millions of DNA strands. If we can identify the order or sequence of the bases within the DNA, we can put them back together.

Research shows that DNA molecules break down and decay over time. The last dinosaur died more than 65 million years ago, so DNA is not currently available or accessible today. The hard parts of the body, like bones and teeth, are left behind even after millions of years, but DNA, the fundamental material needed to give rise to a living being, is very delicate. Even if some DNA survived, it may not have enough information to tell us the complete story of the biology of dinosaurs.

#jurassicpark #jurassicworld #resurrection 

References:
https://www.nigms.nih.gov/education/Documents/Studying_genes_final.pdf
https://medlineplus.gov/cloning.html
https://dolly.roslin.ed.ac.uk/facts/the-life-of-dolly/index.html
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature.2012.11555
https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02627-8
https://reviverestore.org/projects/woolly-mammoth/progress-to-date/
https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biab060

Original Article Link:
https://www.scienceabc.com/nature/can-we-recreate-dinosaurs-just-like-in-jurassic-park.html

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Straight answer: No, we have not yet found dinosaur DNA that would be necessary to make a successful dinosaur clone.

To clone a dinosaur, it’s not just about finding DNA, but also about finding a complete set or sufficient fragments of a dinosaur’s DNA. This is because we need to assemble the tiny pieces to recreate the whole jigsaw puzzle—the genome. Every genome consists of millions of DNA strands. If we can identify the order or sequence of the bases within the DNA, we can put them back together.

Research shows that DNA molecules break down and decay over time. The last dinosaur died more than 65 million years ago, so DNA is not currently available or accessible today. The hard parts of the body, like bones and teeth, are left behind even after millions of years, but DNA, the fundamental material needed to give rise to a living being, is very delicate. Even if some DNA survived, it may not have enough information to tell us the complete story of the biology of dinosaurs.

#jurassicpark #jurassicworld #resurrection

References:
https://www.nigms.nih.gov/education/Documents/Studying_genes_final.pdf
https://medlineplus.gov/cloning.html
https://dolly.roslin.ed.ac.uk/facts/the-life-of-dolly/index.html
https://doi.org/10.1038/nature.2012.11555
https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-021-02627-8
https://reviverestore.org/projects/woolly-mammoth/progress-to-date/
https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biab060

Original Article Link:
https://www.scienceabc.com/nature/can-we-recreate-dinosaurs-just-like-in-jurassic-park.html

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YouTube Video VVVuSTBhRmVCeldCaWlYaUhwNTZrYXFRLnpKMzhyUFMzNjlJ

Can We Bring Back Dinosaurs (Just Like In Jurassic Park)?

ScienceABC II views December 1, 2023 6:05 pm

The emotion a spider elicits is not just fear but a combination of fear, disgust, and creepiness. Psychologists reckon that we have evolved to feel disgust or revulsion to prevent us from consuming or contacting things that might be a vehicle for diseases. This would include feces, vomit, mucus, and anything that shares their principal qualities, namely a foul odor, sliminess, or stickiness.

Fear of spiders (arachnids) or insects, in general, is widespread in Western cultures. Children have ranked spiders to be their greatest fear, above getting kidnapped and “the dark”. The West’s fear and disgust of spiders can be traced back to the Middle Ages when Europeans believed that spiders were the cause of the Black Death (the actual perpetrator was later discovered to be the black rat). Water and food were deemed “corrupted” if spiders were found crawling in them. 

#arachnophobia #creepycrawlies #socialconditioning

References:
https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.60.7.702
https://blogs.unimelb.edu.au/science-communication/2021/04/28/160/
https://www.cbs.mpg.de/Fear-of-spiders-and-snakes-is-deeply-embedded-in-us

Original Article Link:
https://www.scienceabc.com/humans/why-are-we-afraid-of-spiders.html

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The emotion a spider elicits is not just fear but a combination of fear, disgust, and creepiness. Psychologists reckon that we have evolved to feel disgust or revulsion to prevent us from consuming or contacting things that might be a vehicle for diseases. This would include feces, vomit, mucus, and anything that shares their principal qualities, namely a foul odor, sliminess, or stickiness.

Fear of spiders (arachnids) or insects, in general, is widespread in Western cultures. Children have ranked spiders to be their greatest fear, above getting kidnapped and “the dark”. The West’s fear and disgust of spiders can be traced back to the Middle Ages when Europeans believed that spiders were the cause of the Black Death (the actual perpetrator was later discovered to be the black rat). Water and food were deemed “corrupted” if spiders were found crawling in them.

#arachnophobia #creepycrawlies #socialconditioning

References:
https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.60.7.702
https://blogs.unimelb.edu.au/science-communication/2021/04/28/160/
https://www.cbs.mpg.de/Fear-of-spiders-and-snakes-is-deeply-embedded-in-us

Original Article Link:
https://www.scienceabc.com/humans/why-are-we-afraid-of-spiders.html

If you wish to buy/license this video, please write to us at admin@scienceabc.com.

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YouTube Video VVVuSTBhRmVCeldCaWlYaUhwNTZrYXFRLnQ0UjhaaHN5TTNN

Arachnophobia: Why Are People Scared of Spiders?

ScienceABC II views November 27, 2023 6:05 pm

Why Do Babies (Toddlers) Hand You Things?

ScienceABC II views November 20, 2023 6:09 pm

GMO or genetically modified organisms are organisms with their DNA modified, usually by adding new or different DNA from another organism. GM crops are crops that have genes from bacteria. These genes allow the plants to either produce chemicals that can kill only insect pests, or be resistant to herbicide. Since the plants have DNA from another species, they are called transgenic crops. We grow GM crops on nearly 185 million hectares in 26 countries, including 19 developing countries. That’s roughly 12% of the global cropland. We regularly produce GM soybean, corn, cotton, alfalfa, canola, apples, papaya, potatoes, summer squash, sugar beets, and pineapple. So, what is the science behind these crops? How do we make such crops in the lab?

#GMO #geneticengineering #GMODebate 

00:00 - Introduction
00:55 - What is a GMO
03:25 - Summary of how GMOs are made
04:04 - Bt, Agrobacterium and ways to make GMOs
06:51 - What happens after GMOs are made (regulatory)
07:28 - Conclusion

References:

National Academy of Sciences Report on GMOs- https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/national-academy-of-sciences-report-on-gmos/
https://royalsociety.org/topics-policy/projects/gm-plants/what-gm-crops-are-currently-being-grown-and-where/
https://ejbpc.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41938-018-0051-2 
http://www.jafs.com.pl/pdf-70020-7980?filename=Nutritional 
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871678410005145 

A Meta-Analysis of the Impacts of Genetically Modified Crops - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4218791/ 
Plant responses to Agrobacterium tumefaciens and crown gall development- https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2014.00155/full 
Impact of genetically engineered maize on agronomic, environmental and toxicological traits: a meta-analysis of 21 years of field data. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-21284-2 
Why We Need GMO Crops in Agriculture https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6173531/ 
Book: Tomorrow’s Table https://cropgeneticsinnovation.ucdavis.edu/book-tomorrows-table 
Genetically engineered (modified) crops (Bacillus thuringiensis crops) and the world controversy on their safety. https://ejbpc.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41938-018-0051-2 
Natural genetically modified crops: Grasses take evolutionary shortcut by borrowing genes from their neighbors https://phys.org/news/2023-10-natural-genetically-crops-grasses-evolutionary.html 
Insecticidal Plants: The Tech and Safety of GM Bt Crops - https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2015/insecticidal-plants/ 
Does The Herbicide RoundUp® Cause Cancer? - https://www.forbes.com/sites/stevensalzberg/2019/02/18/does-the-herbicide-roundup-cause-cancer/?sh=10ec653721b4 

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GMO or genetically modified organisms are organisms with their DNA modified, usually by adding new or different DNA from another organism. GM crops are crops that have genes from bacteria. These genes allow the plants to either produce chemicals that can kill only insect pests, or be resistant to herbicide. Since the plants have DNA from another species, they are called transgenic crops. We grow GM crops on nearly 185 million hectares in 26 countries, including 19 developing countries. That’s roughly 12% of the global cropland. We regularly produce GM soybean, corn, cotton, alfalfa, canola, apples, papaya, potatoes, summer squash, sugar beets, and pineapple. So, what is the science behind these crops? How do we make such crops in the lab?

#GMO #geneticengineering #GMODebate

00:00 - Introduction
00:55 - What is a GMO
03:25 - Summary of how GMOs are made
04:04 - Bt, Agrobacterium and ways to make GMOs
06:51 - What happens after GMOs are made (regulatory)
07:28 - Conclusion

References:

National Academy of Sciences Report on GMOs- https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/national-academy-of-sciences-report-on-gmos/
https://royalsociety.org/topics-policy/projects/gm-plants/what-gm-crops-are-currently-being-grown-and-where/
https://ejbpc.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41938-018-0051-2
http://www.jafs.com.pl/pdf-70020-7980?filename=Nutritional
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1871678410005145

A Meta-Analysis of the Impacts of Genetically Modified Crops - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4218791/
Plant responses to Agrobacterium tumefaciens and crown gall development- https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2014.00155/full
Impact of genetically engineered maize on agronomic, environmental and toxicological traits: a meta-analysis of 21 years of field data. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-21284-2
Why We Need GMO Crops in Agriculture https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6173531/
Book: Tomorrow’s Table https://cropgeneticsinnovation.ucdavis.edu/book-tomorrows-table
Genetically engineered (modified) crops (Bacillus thuringiensis crops) and the world controversy on their safety. https://ejbpc.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s41938-018-0051-2
Natural genetically modified crops: Grasses take evolutionary shortcut by borrowing genes from their neighbors https://phys.org/news/2023-10-natural-genetically-crops-grasses-evolutionary.html
Insecticidal Plants: The Tech and Safety of GM Bt Crops - https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2015/insecticidal-plants/
Does The Herbicide RoundUp® Cause Cancer? - https://www.forbes.com/sites/stevensalzberg/2019/02/18/does-the-herbicide-roundup-cause-cancer/?sh=10ec653721b4

If you wish to buy/license this video, please write to us at admin@scienceabc.com.

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YouTube Video VVVjTjNJdUlBUjZGbjc0RldNUWY2bEZBLmpZanZKeUVNSFo0

What are GMOs (Genetically Modified Organisms)?

Science ABC views November 20, 2023 4:15 pm

Forests are not usually teeming with water bodies. In other words, there are only a handful of lakes, ponds, or other small bodies of water that quench the thirst of a lot of animals that live in nearby wildlife areas. As animals repeatedly drink water from the same source or drink water with bacterial profiles that are not drastically different from each other, their bodies tend to develop a sort of resistance to such ‘bad’ water. Their immune system recognizes certain bacteria through repeated encounters with them and becomes more effective in dealing with them.

Moreover, most mammals have a finely developed sense of smell, which helps them determine to a certain extent whether a water body is bacteriologically active. When they encounter such a body, they often simply pass on the idea of drinking from it.

#dirtywater #immunesystem #howdotheydoit 

References:
https://doi.org/10.1016/s1201-9712(00)90102-4
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01245483
https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2013/02/immune-systems-of-healthy-adults-remember-germs-to-which-theyve-never-been-exposed-stanford-study-finds.html
https://extension.psu.edu/common-drinking-water-problems-and-solutions
http://web.archive.org/web/20210925073047/https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/an187
https://extension.uga.edu/publications/detail.html?number=B939
https://digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu/hydr/basics/main/chmtxt.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20171110060655/http://www.water.ncsu.edu/watershedss/info/do.html
http://web.archive.org/web/20070814113813/http://www.msu.edu:80/~brook/publications/aeis/aeis655.htm

Original Article Link:
https://www.scienceabc.com/eyeopeners/how-can-wild-animals-drink-water-from-dirty-ponds-and-lakes-and-not-get-sick.html

If you wish to buy/license this video, please write to us at admin@scienceabc.com.

Voice Over Artist: John Staughton ( https://www.fiverr.com/jswildwood )

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Forests are not usually teeming with water bodies. In other words, there are only a handful of lakes, ponds, or other small bodies of water that quench the thirst of a lot of animals that live in nearby wildlife areas. As animals repeatedly drink water from the same source or drink water with bacterial profiles that are not drastically different from each other, their bodies tend to develop a sort of resistance to such ‘bad’ water. Their immune system recognizes certain bacteria through repeated encounters with them and becomes more effective in dealing with them.

Moreover, most mammals have a finely developed sense of smell, which helps them determine to a certain extent whether a water body is bacteriologically active. When they encounter such a body, they often simply pass on the idea of drinking from it.

#dirtywater #immunesystem #howdotheydoit

References:
https://doi.org/10.1016/s1201-9712(00)90102-4
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01245483
https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2013/02/immune-systems-of-healthy-adults-remember-germs-to-which-theyve-never-been-exposed-stanford-study-finds.html
https://extension.psu.edu/common-drinking-water-problems-and-solutions
http://web.archive.org/web/20210925073047/https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/an187
https://extension.uga.edu/publications/detail.html?number=B939
https://digitalatlas.cose.isu.edu/hydr/basics/main/chmtxt.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20171110060655/http://www.water.ncsu.edu/watershedss/info/do.html
http://web.archive.org/web/20070814113813/http://www.msu.edu:80/~brook/publications/aeis/aeis655.htm

Original Article Link:
https://www.scienceabc.com/eyeopeners/how-can-wild-animals-drink-water-from-dirty-ponds-and-lakes-and-not-get-sick.html

If you wish to buy/license this video, please write to us at admin@scienceabc.com.

Voice Over Artist: John Staughton ( https://www.fiverr.com/jswildwood )

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YouTube Video VVVuSTBhRmVCeldCaWlYaUhwNTZrYXFRLnpVLTgzdW9lSW9N

How Can Animals Drink Water From Dirty Ponds And Not Get Sick?

ScienceABC II views November 8, 2023 6:15 pm

When you wake up, you generally feel less hungry because the liver has maintained the blood glucose levels in your blood during your nap. Furthermore, there’s practically no physical activity during sleep, so your energy expenditure is also minimal. That’s another reason why you don’t feel as hungry.

Another possible reason can be attributed to two primary hormones, called leptin and ghrelin, which promote the appetite. As it turns out, the levels of both of these hormones are affected by the duration and quality of sleep, which makes one less hungry when they wake up.

#hungerpangs #sleep #hormones 

Stock Video Source: elements.envato.com , pexels.com , pixabay.com
Stock Image Source: elements.envato.com , pexels.com , pixabay.com, freepik.com
Stock Music Source: 
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Track: A Breath of Fresh Air — Artificial.Music [Audio Library Release]
Music provided by Audio Library Plus
Watch:   

 • A Breath of Fresh Air — Artificial.Mu...  
Free Download / Stream: https://alplus.io/breath-fresh-air
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

References:
http://web.archive.org/web/20210912095016/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21190/
http://web.archive.org/web/20180419025307/http://www2.highlands.edu:80/academics/divisions/scipe/biology/faculty/harnden/2190/notes/5.htm

Original Article Link:
https://www.scienceabc.com/eyeopeners/if-we-go-to-sleep-hungry-why-do-we-wake-up-feeling-less-hungry.html

If you wish to buy/license this video, please write to us at admin@scienceabc.com.

Voice Over Artist: John Staughton ( https://www.fiverr.com/jswildwood )

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When you wake up, you generally feel less hungry because the liver has maintained the blood glucose levels in your blood during your nap. Furthermore, there’s practically no physical activity during sleep, so your energy expenditure is also minimal. That’s another reason why you don’t feel as hungry.

Another possible reason can be attributed to two primary hormones, called leptin and ghrelin, which promote the appetite. As it turns out, the levels of both of these hormones are affected by the duration and quality of sleep, which makes one less hungry when they wake up.

#hungerpangs #sleep #hormones

Stock Video Source: elements.envato.com , pexels.com , pixabay.com
Stock Image Source: elements.envato.com , pexels.com , pixabay.com, freepik.com
Stock Music Source:
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––
Track: A Breath of Fresh Air — Artificial.Music [Audio Library Release]
Music provided by Audio Library Plus
Watch:

• A Breath of Fresh Air — Artificial.Mu...
Free Download / Stream: https://alplus.io/breath-fresh-air
––––––––––––––––––––––––––––––

References:
http://web.archive.org/web/20210912095016/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK21190/
http://web.archive.org/web/20180419025307/http://www2.highlands.edu:80/academics/divisions/scipe/biology/faculty/harnden/2190/notes/5.htm

Original Article Link:
https://www.scienceabc.com/eyeopeners/if-we-go-to-sleep-hungry-why-do-we-wake-up-feeling-less-hungry.html

If you wish to buy/license this video, please write to us at admin@scienceabc.com.

Voice Over Artist: John Staughton ( https://www.fiverr.com/jswildwood )

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YouTube Video VVVuSTBhRmVCeldCaWlYaUhwNTZrYXFRLjJpV2dpUGV3bXJv

Going to Bed Hungry: How Sleep Affects Your Morning Appetite

ScienceABC II views November 3, 2023 6:15 pm