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We have built beautiful particle accelerators in the search for particles that are even more elementary than electrons, protons, and neutrons.
The accelerators smash subatomic particles at enormous speeds, which causes them to shatter into their constituents. It is similar to studying the inner mechanisms of television by throwing it from the top of a 20-story building and scrutinizing its broken components. When physicists first began colliding electrons with protons, they observed that electrons bounced off three small hard cores inside the proton. The cores were found to be even smaller particles that make up the proton. These elementary particles are called Quarks, and the discovery of quarks meant that protons and neutrons weren’t fundamental anymore.
#quarks #atoms #smallest
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What Is The Smallest Particle We Know?
A black hole is a celestial body or simply a place in space where the gravitational pull is so high that nothing, not even light can escape it. This is why it's completely black, and hence it's called a black hole. A black hole's “surface,” called its event horizon, defines the boundary where the velocity needed to escape exceeds the speed of light.
When a massive star dies, it leaves a small but dense remnant core in its wake. If the mass of the core if more than around 3 times the mass of the sun, the force of gravity overwhelms all other forces and a black hole is formed.
A black hole is not just empty space; in fact, it’s a great deal of amount packed into a very small area. Think of a star which is 10 times more massive than our is squeezed into a sphere which has the diameter equal to the size of New York city. The result will be a celestial object whose gravitational field is so strong that nothing, not even light, can escape it. This is why black holes are named so, because they are pitch black!
"Black holes explained" is a short-animated video explaining the science of ‘what is a black hole’ and ‘how black holes are formed’? The "black hole picture 2019" is a recent event that occurred in April 2019, which involved the release of the first ever black hole picture to the general public. But what are black holes? How are black holes formed? What’s the explanation behind the black hole theory?
#science #animation #blackhole
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Black Holes Explained: What Is a Black Hole? How They Form?
Diarrhea happens when there is an imbalance in water secretion and absorption within the body. This excess water causes the stool to pass through quicker than normal.
Diarrhea feels like the food takes a “fast pass” out of the gut. Instead of being systematically broken down and absorbed, as in normal digestion, food gets rushed through the digestive tract and dumped out the other end. Diarrhea “fast pass” means that the gut can barely disassemble the food. In other words, diarrhea doesn’t give the gut cells enough time to catch and absorb these nutrients.
#diarrhea #digestion #gut
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Why Does Diarrhea Travel Quickly Through The Body When Digestion Takes So Long?
The gut microbiome are the trillions of microorganisms – primarily bacteria, but also fungi, viruses and protists – that live inside your digestive system. Scientists are discovering that these microbes are vital for us to live healthy lives. They help us digest food and provide us with nutrients, they can modulate our mood and help us sleep better, and they even help the immune system do their job better.
Gut bacteria are those bacteria that live inside the digestive system of all animals, including humans. We’ve found that these bacteria are crucial to our health, both physical and mental. They help us digest food, provide us with nutrients and help us fend of pathogenic bacteria.
Simply put – gut bacteria, also known as the gut microbiota, are the bacteria present in our bodies lined across the inner walls of our gastrointestinal tract. There are about 300-500 bacterial species in the human gut with their average population being 100 trillion. That’s enough to fill twelve thousand, six hundred and fifty-eight Earths at our current population. Initially, that was thought to be ten times the number of human cells in our body but new research suggests the ratio of bacterial cells to human cells could be 1.3:1.
#gut #microbiome #science
References:
https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/16/4/7493
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3983973/
https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(16)00053-2?_returnURL=https%3A%2F%2Flinkinghub.elsevier.com%2Fretrieve%2Fpii%2FS0092867416000532%3Fshowall%3Dtrue
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22137615/
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-019-02807-x
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1323893017301119#:~:text=Although%20intestinal%20bacterial%20colonization%20begins,two%20big%20transitions%20in%20infancy
https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/9/3/45
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5433529/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5847071/
https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0222394#ack
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4367209/
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Gut Microbiome Explained in Simple Words