Table of Contents (click to expand)
The minuscule memory of goldfish is a myth. Though we don’t know where this myth came from, we do know that goldfish have much longer memories, significantly longer than a few seconds. Research has shown that goldfish can remember objects for weeks and can use landmarks to remember where to find food.
Have you ever walked into a room, and then completely forgotten what you came in for? We often compare this frustrating experience to the life of a goldfish, as though they are always forgetting what they were just doing.
But do goldfish actually have a 3-second memory? The short answer is NO.
In that case, what is their actual memory span and why do so many people still make fun of this poor fish?
Goldfish (Carassius auratus) that swim inside your fish tank are much smarter than you think. This myth about them being dumb has prevailed, even though scientists have known about their memory skills since 1960. In fact, people generally look down on fish, though some of them may be smarter than chimpanzees (our relatives, evolutionarily speaking).
How Was This Myth Busted?
Although it’s not clear where this myth comes from, it is easy to debunk it. A 15-year-old boy named Rory from Australia did a simple experiment to prove how foolish this claim truly is.
He placed a red Lego piece on one side of his fish tank and then dropped food next to it. Initially, the goldfish avoided the Lego out of fear, but after some training, it seemed to have gotten used to the foreign object. Eventually, the goldfish started associating the red Lego with food.
He tested this by feeding the goldfish for a week without putting in the Lego piece. If it had a poor memory, then Rory putting the Lego piece back in should have scared the goldfish away, just as it did the first time. However, Rory found that the fish swam towards the Lego piece faster than before, showing that these fish can effectively retain knowledge.
Scientists, over the years, have conducted many such experiments on goldfish to better understand their learning and memory capabilities.
Kevin Warburton from Australia described in his study that goldfish can use landmarks to find food faster.
Several different groups of fish were fed in identical spots in their respective fish tanks, but some had ‘landmarks’ to help them find the food faster. One example of a landmark was a pillar of Legos right next to where the food would be deposited. The fish that could see the landmark went to the correct spot 95% of the time, even before the food was introduced. Fish without a landmark went to the proper place first about 60% of the time, as a comparison.
Not only can fish remember how to avoid the bad and seek the good, but they can also develop their own systems for remembering things, similar to how we navigate the streets in the towns where we live.
Also Read: How Do Fish Sleep Without Closing Their Eyes?
How Long Can They Actually Remember Something?
While it’s hard to determine how long a goldfish can remember something from a single exposure, it’s clear that they can remember and learn for extended periods of time.
A study conducted by researchers at the University of Plymouth tested goldfishes’ ability to learn over a 3-month period. They first taught the goldfish to press a lever in order to get food. All the goldfish in this study managed to do so within seven days of their training, but the goldfish also learned to do something even cooler!
Researchers upped the ante by restricting the time when the food would be accessible to them. Instead of pressing the lever whenever they wanted food, goldfish only went towards the lever at the available time. While this data doesn’t argue for Einstein-like intelligence, it shows that fish can certainly remember things for more than 3 seconds.
Also Read: Why Do Some People Have A Better Memory Than Others?
Why Do I Need To Know This?
Goldfish are members of a group called ray-finned fish, which are the most diverse group of vertebrates in the world.
It’s important to know how fish memory works for a variety of reasons. Perhaps you’re an avid fisher and want to know how often you should switch your lures to keep that trophy bass guessing. Maybe you’re worried that your water-bound pets will forget you when you go on vacation. You might even be a scientist trying to determine if your new life-saving drug impacts memory.
Several major drugs have been suspected of impairing memory, like Dizocilpine. Some researchers even set out to determine if this was the case and found that Dizocilpine did, in fact, significantly impair the memory of goldfish.
A Final Word
Finding Nemo has made us all love our water pets even more, but in reality, these fish are smarter than the movies make them out to be. The lack of interest and awareness has led to this short-memory myth being perpetrated for quite a long time. Whatever the reason for your curiosity about goldfish memory, they deserve far more credit than 3 seconds. These colorful chubby pets will always have a special place in our memory—and you might even be in theirs!
How well do you understand the article above!
References (click to expand)
- Goldfish three-second memory myth busted - ABC News. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation
- Warburton, K. (1990, September). The use of local landmarks by foraging goldfish. Animal Behaviour. Elsevier BV.
- Gee, P., Stephenson, D., & Wright, D. E. (1994, July). Temporal Discrimination Learning Of Operant Feeding In Goldfish (Carassius Auratus). Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior. Wiley.
- Deal, C. K., & Volkoff, H. (2020, November 6). The Role of the Thyroid Axis in Fish. Frontiers in Endocrinology. Frontiers Media SA.
- GOMEZ, Y., VARGAS, J., PORTAVELLA, M., & LOPEZ, J. (2006, May). Spatial learning and goldfish telencephalon NMDA receptors. Neurobiology of Learning and Memory. Elsevier BV.